Planarians SET New Paths for Innate Immune Memory☆☆☆

☆ The ability for vertebrates to mount immunologica regarded as the exclusive realm of the adaptive immun system on the other hand has long been thought to lack encounter with a pathogen or vaccine. However, an challenges this distinction, defining the process of innate trained immunity) as a heightened responsiveness to a functional and epigenetic reprogramming of cells of the et al., 2016). Many organisms that do not possess an a exhibit enhanced innate resistance to reinfection (Milut the evolutionary conservation of innate immune memory important opportunities to understand this biological findings presented in this issue of EBioMedicine by To describe the existence of similar mechanisms of tra (phylum Platyhelminthes) and reveals novel insights reg mediating gene expression changes essential for the train ☆☆ Blockade of planarian immunememory by pre-treatm hibitor parallels similar findings in humans (Netea et al., the importance of lysine methylation for trained immunit tions of Smed-setd8-1-dependent global increases in lysin with S. aureus. However, without a directmeasurement of ficult to define how this methyl enrichment is distribute strates and gene regulating functions. Enzymes that met lysines on various other proteins such as transcription fac bility and/or function (Keating et al., 2014). Indeed human by methylation of lysines on both histones and transcript Furthermore, methyltransferase enzymes can methylate e bility that Smed-setd8-1 methylates and thereby regula maintain lysine methylation should be considered in futu DOI of original article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ebio ⁎ Corresponding author at: Department of InternalMed NijmegenMedical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525 E-mail address: [email protected] (M.G. Ne